From the Nuremberg Toy Kitchen to Barbie’s Dreamhouse: Evolution of Play Food and Play Kitchens as Learning Tools, and as Factors in Determining Boundaries of Gender Identity

Abstract

Parents and educators have long recognized the value of toys as learning tools in what is known as dramatic play. From early on, children develop gender schemas which are cognitive frameworks to organize and form beliefs about gender expectations and boundaries. This includes what behavior, activities, toys, and even specific foods are for boys or for girls. This paper explores how play kitchens and accompanying play food have evolved from the 17th century Nuremberg toy kitchens named for the city that was then the center of toy manufacturing. These were clearly marketed only to girls and as learning tools of socialization, teaching a model of household management, cooking and domestic labor through play. Expensive and finely equipped, these single -room miniatures were also symbolic aspirational displays. Few, if any, kitchens matched their elaborate content in real life. In contrast, today’s ubiquitous preschool and home play kitchens are intentionally conceived of and marketed as gender neutral dramatic play areas, bridging boundaries of gender identity. Marketed simultaneously, Barbie and her Dream House are overtly gendered and underplay the functional kitchen. The Dream House highlights the celebrity chef career options in a setting that is clearly aspirational. Research consists of examination of historical and contemporary advertising and marketing practices of manufacturers of play kitchens and play food and examples in popular culture media. Qualitative interviews were conducted with parents, educators and staff of several children’s museums and preschools.

Presenters

Constance Kirker
Assistant Professor, Retired, Department of Integrative Arts, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States

Details

Presentation Type

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session

Theme

Educational Studies

KEYWORDS

Education, Teaching and Learning, History Pedagogy