Each kinds of assessments have strengths and weaknesses. Each have their own characteristics and must be used appropriately to measure student's ability and school accountability. Here are some social assumptions of each kind of assessment and the consequences for learners.

Intelligence Test / IQ Test
Social Assumptions - can ranked cognitive ability, it is stable and measurable.
Consequences - can help students with special needs or gifted students however it can bring stigma or label to students with learning needs.
Achievement Test
Social Assumptions - results reflects teaching quality, schools are responsible for what students know
Consequences - clear expectations and clear feedback on learning progress however there is disadvantaged to students with unequal access to learning opportunities.
Standardized Test
Social Assumptions - fairness because of objectivity, comparison and ranking improve accountability
Consequences - transparency and comparability across schools however it can narrow definition of success
Performance Based Assessments
Social Assumptions - assessment is contextualized based on students learning
Consequences - more inclusive and motivating however scoring may be subjective
Formative Assessment
Social Assumptions - mistakes and errors are part of learning , teachers and students share responsibility for progress
Consequences - builds confidence, self-regulation and growth mindset however it is less valued in school as it tends to focus on assessment that is graded.

Example of an alternative form of assessment
Peer Assessment is a form of assessment in which students are involved in evaluating another students' work using a rubric provided by the teacher. Example of this is when a student deliver a presentation. Classmates use rubric to evaluate the delivery then provide feedback. This is best to develop critical thinking and evaluative skills to assessor and it encourage collaboration and communication however it is prone to bias or friendship-based scoring.
Peer Assessment shifts assessment from being teacher-centered to learner-centered. Teacher must carefully guide and support learners to ensure fairness and self-awareness.