Abstract

Stilt settlements are a unique expression of waterfront vernacular culture, especially on Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, known for its water-based living traditions. However, shifts in lifestyle and economic activities are transforming these settlements from water-based to land-based, posing sustainability challenges. Recurring fires further threaten their existence, pressuring local cultural practices to enhance settlement resilience. This research, through qualitative methods, highlights the importance of inclusive concepts in sustaining water-based stilt settlements, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) for creating sustainable and inclusive communities. Data collection methods include building typology observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The findings reveal that many stilt houses, primarily self-built, have adapted to ensure user safety and resilience against land-based settlement development and fire hazards. Responsive strategies such as structural reinforcements, spatial reconfigurations, and material use enhance safety and comfort across age groups. These responses reflect local knowledge combined with inclusive design, achieving long-term resilience and sustainability. The study emphasizes integrating the principles of inclusive design and sustainability, ensuring usability and accessibility across all age groups. This includes multifunctional spaces, spatial division, building forms, and materials that consider safety design, as well as culturally expressive architecture. The integration of these two principles is demonstrated through the use of resilient materials, transitioning from wood to a combination of wood and brick, to preserve and sustain vernacular stilt settlements during evolving challenges. The results show crucial aspects for maintaining the resilience and sustainability of these unique settlements despite changing environmental and social dynamics.