Abstract

This systematic review comprehensively examines clinical supervision in counseling worldwide and how it might work in Vietnam’s growing mental health field. We followed PRISMA rules to study forty-seven peer-reviewed articles from 2014 to 2024 found in major databases like PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. The review noted similar patterns in the effectiveness of supervision, implementation challenges, and culturally effective practices. It also found that integrated developmental supervision models, incorporating elements of various theoretical approaches, demonstrated significant improvements in supervisee competence. Additionally, there was a growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of online supervision modalities, particularly in overcoming geographical barriers. When supervision methods are changed to fit various cultures, they work well in Asia. Key points include how supervision helps counselors grow, the problems with using it in developing countries, and why culture matters in supervision. We paid extra attention to Asian cultures and developing health care systems, which provides valuable insights for Vietnam’s growing counseling field. The review suggests specific methods for tailoring and deploying clinical supervision in Vietnam, including training, ways to put it into practice, cultural changes, and system growth. These findings hold significant implications for people who make policies, teachers, and counselors who want to make clinical supervision better in Vietnam’s changing mental health world.