Abstract

The global need for sustainable diet patterns is increasingly evident as food choices can significantly impact both human health and the environment. The Western diet, characterized by high meat consumption and processed foods, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and various health issues, including obesity and other chronic diseases. This literature review explores the environmental impact of dietary choices, highlighting the concept of sustainable nutrition. The Mediterranean diet, with its emphasis on plant-based foods, whole grains, and moderate animal product consumption, is associated with both health benefits and a reduced ecological footprint. In view of this scope, sustainable nutrition was introduced as a holistic approach that prioritizes environmental-friendly food production, promotes equitable food distribution, and encourages the consumption of local and seasonal foods. Its adoption can potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption. Sustainable nutrition aligns with global sustainability goals, ensuring both planetary and public health while preserving resources for future generations.