Abstract

Verbal and non-verbal communication have various implications in interactions. Pragmatics enhances the understanding of how speakers and listeners engage using words and signs in different contexts. Silence has different pragmatic functions, making it a crucial aspect of communication in different contexts. The research is based on systematic literature review of prior studies on the pragmatics of silence. One noteworthy finding is that the pragmatic use of silence in communication facilitates turn-taking during conversations. Silence signals a speaker when to speak, preventing interruptions during conversations. Another pragmatic use of silence is giving speakers and listeners time for cognitive processing. Silence allows speakers to organize thoughts while listeners use it to process information. Silence also has pragmatic use in communicating interrelationships, such as respect, authority, and emotions. Silence, as a strategic element of human interaction, enables speakers to control the flow of speech, emphasize key points, prevent conflict or tension, and express emotions. In addition, silence is effective in cross-cultural communication because the correct interpretation of silence enhances interaction. Overall, silence in interaction has a critical pragmatic function, requiring speakers to use it appropriately for effective communication in different contexts.