One widely recognized intelligence test is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), developed by David Wechsler. It is one of the most commonly used tests to measure adult intelligence and is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV).

How It Works

The WAIS is a standardized, individually administered test designed to assess a person's intellectual ability. It is composed of four index scores:

• Verbal Comprehension – measures verbal reasoning and understanding.
• Perceptual Reasoning – evaluates nonverbal and fluid reasoning.
• Working Memory – assesses attention, concentration, and mental control.
• Processing Speed – tests the ability to quickly and correctly scan, sequence, or discriminate simple visual information.

Each subtest within these indices contributes to a Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) score, which is the overall measure of cognitive ability. The test typically takes between 60 to 90 minutes to administer.

Strengths

One of the key strengths of WAIS is its comprehensive approach. It does not merely measure general intelligence (g), but also explores specific cognitive domains, offering a more nuanced understanding of a person's intellectual strengths and weaknesses. It is widely validated and culturally adapted, making it suitable for clinical, educational, and occupational contexts.

Weaknesses

Despite its strengths, the WAIS has some limitations. First, it may not fully capture creative or practical intelligence as described in Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory. Second, it can be culturally biased for individuals from non-Western or lower socio-economic backgrounds, potentially impacting fairness. Also, the test is time-consuming and requires trained professionals to administer and interpret results, which may limit accessibility.

Conclusion

While the WAIS remains a powerful tool in intelligence assessment, it’s important to recognize that intelligence is multi-dimensional. Relying solely on standardized IQ tests can overlook essential aspects of human potential such as emotional intelligence, creativity, or adaptability.

References:

Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV). Pearson.

Kaufman, A. S. (2009). IQ Testing 101. Springer Publishing Company.

Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press.

Neisser, U., et al. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51(2), 77–101.

Fagan, J. F., & Holland, C. R. (2007). Equal opportunity and racial differences in IQ. Intelligence, 35(4), 306–322.