Implementation in Practice

Format: Computer-based with four sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing.

Administration: Conducted under strict conditions (timed, monitored, same instructions for all).

Scoring: Uses both automated scoring (for objective parts like multiple choice) and trained human raters (for writing and speaking).

Strengths

Fairness and standardization: Every test-taker gets the same questions under similar conditions.

Reliability: Because of consistent scoring rubrics and large sample sizes, results are dependable for decision-making.

Comparability: Useful for universities/employers because scores are recognized internationally.

Efficiency: Quickly evaluates large groups with consistent criteria.

Weaknesses

Cultural bias: Some passages or speaking tasks may favor students familiar with Western academic settings.

Narrow measurement: Focuses on test-taking skills rather than holistic language ability (e.g., real-life interaction, creativity).

High-stakes pressure: One test score can have major consequences, which may not reflect a student’s true ability.

Accessibility issues: Expensive fees and limited testing centers can disadvantage students from less privileged backgrounds.