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One key concept of behaviorism is operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner. Operant conditioning explains how behaviors are learned and maintained through consequences. Behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to occur again, while behaviors that are punished or ignored are less likely to be repeated. Behaviorism focuses on observable actions rather than internal thoughts, and learning is measured as a change in behavior.

Example in Practice:
In a classroom, a teacher can use positive reinforcement to encourage student participation. For example, a student who answers a question correctly may receive praise, a sticker, or points toward a reward. This reinforcement increases the likelihood of continued engagement. Similarly, negative reinforcement—such as removing an unpleasant task once a student demonstrates mastery—can also strengthen desired behaviors.

Role of the Teacher:
In the behaviorist model, the teacher is more than a knowledge provider—they are a behavior shaper. By designing the environment, providing reinforcement, and offering feedback, teachers guide students toward desired behaviors. Skinner argued that free will is largely an illusion, as behavior is shaped by environmental reinforcement, emphasizing nurture over nature.

Intelligence Testing:
Behaviorist principles intersect with educational assessment through tests such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). These tests aim to measure cognitive skills like memory, problem-solving, and verbal comprehension. They are useful for identifying learning strengths and weaknesses, but they have limitations: they cannot measure creativity, social skills, or motivation, and they may reflect cultural bias. Therefore, intelligence tests should be used ethically and as part of a broader evaluation.

References & Media:

Skinner, B. F. (1938). The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis.

Operant Conditioning Video: Khan Academy – Operant Conditioning

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Overview: APA – Intelligence Tests