"If I review my lesson, then there's a high percentage that I will pass the test." How can I say that I will pass it? Simply, because there were people who already served as an evidence for this case. We can consider this as a conditioned situation. This is one aspect of behaviorism. However, this is not what we are going to focus on.

Let's have reinforcements, the positive and the negative one. If I answer correctly in the recitation, my teacher will give me high grades, then I will study the topic for tomorrow very well. The high grades served as a positive reinforcement. Though using high grades does not encourage the student's intrinsic motivation to learn, however it still catalyze the occurrence of good behavior, which is studying. On one hand, negative reinforcement works this way, if I answer the question in the recitation correctly, then I will not stand for the whole duration of the class as punishment. Which one is the negative reinforcement in this case? It is the punishment of standing for the whole duration of class that will be taken away once the student answer the question correctly. All in all this positive and negative reinforcements both works for the positive outcome.

The difference betwee this two is quiet tricky so here is a link to youtube video to further your understanding regarding the concept of this two.https://youtu.be/278JYiPi7r8?si=yrMmguFYyXC77MJb.